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- Global OEMs are using two strategies to develop or reinforce their brands in China. Some OEMs have introduced strong global brands with traditional local customization (for example, premium exterior paint or special interior features), and others are developing local bespoke specials that more deeply integrate unique features around connectivity, navigation, and infotainment, for instance. One leading luxury-car manufacturer recently introduced a series of bespoke models exclusive to China to tap into demand for luxury cars in the region and to support its long-term commitment to the market. - Source: Internet
- The electrification levels in the $150,000-to-$500,000 price bands result from several trends, notably the influx of EV-focused disrupters and a strong supply side push. Regarding the former, the EV disrupters and several mainstream luxury brands already offer EV models, but many top luxury brands will likely remain on the sidelines, at least until 2025, when their first models should arrive. The latter point regarding the supply side push will result from new regulations and technology. The scope of zero-emission mandates enabled by additional city bans on ICE vehicles by 2031—cities where HNWIs typically live—will likely grow, given the political momentum behind them and shifting consumer sentiments. Additionally, improvements in technology are making it possible for car manufacturers to offer similar or better performance in electric vehicles compared with luxury ICE cars. - Source: Internet
- SUVs have been popular in the global automotive market since the early 2000s because of a range of factors, including perceived safety, convenience, styling, and practicality. Additionally, many wealthy buyers desire greater resilience given the broadening regional applicability of SUVs. According to a McKinsey survey, around 50 percent of premium- and luxury-car buyers prefer SUVs as their next purchase. Several leading luxury-car makers, including Aston Martin, Ferrari, and Lotus, are busy introducing their SUVs in response to this demand. - Source: Internet
- Sales in the entry-level luxury segment remained strong throughout the GFC, due to prices being lowered to compete with well-equipped non-luxury cars.[58][59] For example, in Canada, several luxury manufacturers set sales records in August 2009, due mostly to discounted pricing on entry-level luxury vehicles.[60][61] - Source: Internet
- The number of UHNWIs will likely grow worldwide at 5 percent from 2021 to 2026, reaching more than 700,000 people (Exhibit 6). China should see the fastest growth among large ultra-high-net-worth clusters at about 7 percent during the same period. We expect more than 50 percent of the growth in the luxury-car market to come from nontraditional markets such as China given the rapid rise in UHNWIs and HNWIs in these areas. While the growth in nontraditional markets is impressive, all but two of the top ten countries that will account for about 70 percent of this demographic are part of the traditional triad (North America, Europe, and Japan). Nonetheless, China’s move from virtually no ultra-high-net-worth consumers in 2000 to nearly 90,000 in 2020 and an expected 130,000 in 2026 is especially noteworthy. - Source: Internet
- A characteristic that defines many leading luxury-industry players is global consistency. While their local offerings may reflect the unique style of a given region, they strive to maintain a globally consistent brand so that consumers can recognize them anywhere in the world. In the automotive sense, this could translate into standardized brand treatments globally, while at the local level they offer features such as special vehicle color schemes or local-connectivity options. - Source: Internet
- Our latest report on the luxury-automobile market updates McKinsey’s extensive research on the sector. It focuses on five significant trends in the global luxury-automobile segment that we believe will shape the market over the coming decade. To develop this perspective, we created two scenarios for market growth and electrification—one baseline and one accelerated—that we used to inform our thinking (see sidebar, “Methodology”). This article largely follows the accelerated scenario. - Source: Internet
- To deliver a superlative experience, automotive OEMs need to align with continually changing customer needs. McKinsey’s China Consumer Survey indicates that nearly 80 percent of luxury-car customers are looking for a seamless, omnichannel experience, with consistent interactions across departments. They want automakers to deliver frictionless, on-demand service, as 83 percent expect to engage immediately when contacting a company. Nearly 70 percent of customers want new channels and new ways to obtain existing products and services. Another 62 percent demand speed and convenience and see fast shipping as a core element when defining a positive experience, and 90 percent seek transparency and predictability, which is why many of these respondents read online reviews before making a purchase. - Source: Internet
- Conditioned by their exposure to luxury-goods experiences in other retail environments, affluent consumers today seek continual engagement and personalized experiences when shopping for luxury cars (Exhibit 5). These experiences have often been shaped in highly controlled environments, in which the luxury OEM controls the end-to-end customer experience. The challenge for luxury automotive OEMs is that this type of exclusive treatment has been difficult to replicate in a traditional franchised-dealership channel given the potential conflicts in data ownership and challenges in building a seamless omnichannel experience, which has made it difficult to ensure consistent, personalized customer engagement. For example, luxury-car buyers likely expect a highly personalized, exclusive sales or service experience instead of waiting in line (as could happen at a dealership), especially given the singular treatment they receive at other luxury retailers. - Source: Internet
- Several East Asian manufacturers have created sub-brands for the marketing of luxury cars. The first of these was the 1986 launch of Acura (a Honda sub-brand), followed by Lexus (Toyota) in 1989, Infiniti (Nissan) in 1989, and Genesis (Hyundai) in 2015.[54] - Source: Internet
- Another argument for the move toward DTC is that customers of luxury OEMs, like many customers, become frustrated by price inconsistencies and price haggling. In other luxury industries, this has led to extreme behavior among leading players. One French luxury retailer reportedly destroys its overstocked merchandise rather than discount it to avoid damaging the brand value. In addition to deteriorating the premium customer experience, price haggling also harms residual values, which is especially harmful in the luxury automotive segment. - Source: Internet
- Email Methodology When plotting luxury-vehicle volumes and electrification rates, McKinsey used two growth scenarios. Baseline scenario: The analysis is based on 2021 starting volumes on the production of vehicles priced higher than $80,000 (base price and 10 percent premium for add-ons), and 2022 to 2025 growth on planned production capacity additions, as well as the announced and expected new launches of luxury OEMs. From 2026 to 2031, the scenario assumes a continuation of growth in the number of high-net-worth individuals and ultra-high-net-worth individuals of 9 and 5 percent annually, respectively. The scenario derives electrification rates from McKinsey’s electrification model, which assumes continued battery technology improvements, decreasing battery prices, additional regulatory limits on internal-combustion-engine (ICE) sales, and the increased availability of charging stations, among other factors. - Source: Internet
- China will be a crucial part of the growth engine for the luxury-automobile market. For example, in the above-$80,000 price tier, we expect China to be the fastest-growing market for luxury cars by 2031, with 14 percent annual growth, thus increasing its global share in the segment from 24 percent in 2021 to about 35 percent at the end of the decade (Exhibit 3). This will be driven by a rapid increase in the number of HMWIs and UHNWIs in the country. - Source: Internet
- There has previously been limited guidance on this issue. However, the ATO have recently issued draft guidelines on when they will undertake compliance activities (such as reviews or audits) on eligibility for the FBT exemption for utes and vans. These guidelines are discussed in more detail below. - Source: Internet
- Basically, where no logbook is kept, the work-related use percentage will be limited to 33.33%. In order to reduce FBT exposure on car expenses, the onus is on employers more than ever to ensure that staff are keeping accurate records of their personal car usage. - Source: Internet
- Disclaimer: The contents of this article are in the nature of general comments only, and are not to be used, relied or acted upon with seeking further professional advice. William Buck accepts no liability for errors or omissions, or for any loss or damage suffered as a result of any person acting without such advice. Liability limited by a scheme approved under Professional Standards Legislation. - Source: Internet
- Whether private use of the vehicle is limited: The provision of a workhorse vehicle is only FBT exempt if the private use of the vehicle during the year is limited to ‘minor, infrequent or irregular’ use (other than travel or and from work). Use on the weekends is therefore likely to attract FBT. Employers should review their employee handbook and policies relating to private use of company cars. - Source: Internet
- In all of the above situations, you MUST keep a valid ATO-compliant logbook to claim these deductions, even if your use is 100%. Otherwise you cannot claim the instant asset write-off, depreciation, loan interest, fuel or any other car running costs, and you’ll instead be limited to just the cents per kilometre method, which is a maximum tax deduction of $3,900 (2022-23 financial year rate of 78cpkm x maximum 5,000km). See our blog post on Keeping A Logbook For Uber for more detail on this topic. - Source: Internet
- The SUV models generated higher profit margins than passenger cars, and car manufacturers began introducing new luxury SUVs during the late 1990s.[128] SUVs such as the 1995 Lexus LX, 1997 Mercedes-Benz M-Class, and 1998 Lincoln Navigator were the first SUVs produced by these luxury car brands. Some of these early luxury SUV models used unibody construction, becoming part of the trend moving away from the body-on-frame construction traditionally used by off-road vehicles. - Source: Internet
- An important caveat regarding a brand’s embrace of BEVs involves its starting point. While EV specialists begin from a core EV position, incumbent ICE OEMs must work through significant legacy combustion-engine issues, including stranded assets, R&D integration problems, and likely false starts along the way, which can slow their transition to BEVs. The very top luxury and performance brands will likely feel this challenge acutely since they are drastically under scale by mainstream-automobile standards. That makes it harder for these brands to change course quickly in terms of technologies or assets, hence their delay in making the move to electrification. - Source: Internet
- The luxury segment will likely see significant shifts in its geographical makeup, with nontraditional markets such as China gaining momentum. We expect the Asia–Pacific region to have the highest growth for the forecast period, propelled by factors such as an increase in UHNWIs and HNWIs between 2021 and 2026. For instance, predictions put the percentage growth in the UHNWI population in Asia at 33 percent compared with 28 and 27 percent in the United States and the European Union, respectively. During the same period, the number of UHNWIs in China alone should increase by more than 250 percent, albeit from a small base. Growth trends in the HNWI population should exceed those of the UHNWI cohort, increasing by more than 60 percent in Asia compared with less than 53 percent in the European Union and the United States between 2021 and 2026. - Source: Internet
- The next category of vehicles when looking at depreciation expense is heavy vehicles, which are defined as vehicles weighing over 6,000 pounds (unloaded for passenger vehicles and loaded for trucks and SUV’s) but less than 14,000 pounds. Heavy vehicles can deduct $25,000 of section 179 expense as well as regular tax depreciation on the remaining basis of the vehicle over the life of the vehicle. Vehicles over 14,000 pounds are not subject to depreciation limits and may be fully deductible utilizing section 179 of the Internal Revenue Code. - Source: Internet
- Newer luxury OEMs have identified customer experience as their core strategy to differentiate themselves against incumbents and have created a go-to-market approach that fully reflects the new customer groups. Our research shows that half of all premium consumers would prefer to buy their next cars online, 60 percent are interested in contactless sales and services, and 40 percent find haggling over the price at dealers annoying. It is no surprise, then, that newer luxury-EV OEMs in particular are innovating to meet evolving customer needs. - Source: Internet
- Customer expectations for luxury cars are rapidly evolving, spurred by luxury brands beyond automotive. Automotive players must keep pace because customers remember their best experiences as benchmarks. Many buyers seek a mix of seamless customer experiences that includes simplicity, omnichannel reach, customization, and experiential diversity. - Source: Internet
- In the 2000s, both Ford and General Motors produced luxury pickups: the 2002-2013 Cadillac Escalade EXT, 2002-2003 Lincoln Blackwood, and 2006-2014 Lincoln Mark LT. In the late 2000s, the Cadillac CTS and Cadillac DTS led to a resurgence in the brand’s luxury sedans.[48] The equivalent sedan from the Ford group, the 2008 Lincoln MKS, was also regarded as a significant improvement over previous models.[49] In 2010, BMW was the best-selling luxury vehicle manufacturer by sales, with Audi and Mercedes-Benz the second and third highest selling luxury brands.[50] - Source: Internet
- The luxury automotive sector has set itself apart from the mass market and could capture even more profitable growth, especially at the top end of the market. However, incumbent brands face significant legacy retail and operational challenges, since many are locked into working with dealer networks to provide the levels of customer experience that luxury-car buyers seek. At the same time, market disrupters need to resolve electrification, connectivity, and other advanced-technology issues. In this race, the player that cracks the code on satisfying the most individuals in the luxury-car market the best wins. - Source: Internet
- Most established performance- and luxury-car brands make distinctive claims, generally focused on individual luxury, performance, or both. They highlight uniqueness, exclusivity, prestige, craftsmanship, artistry, and the extraordinary—traditional sports/luxury brand identifiers. To stand apart from these legacy brands—some of which have existed for a hundred years or more—newcomer marques focus heavily on the differentiating power of technology. They promote this difference not only to enhance the ownership experience but also to address social concerns such as the transition to sustainable energy. - Source: Internet
- The majority of luxury marques have heard the message and are looking to progress from the wholesale dealer network channel to DTC or even retail ownership, with only a handful apparently satisfied with the status quo. The promises of such a move are apparent: DTC can enable luxury OEMs to own the customer experience from end to end, which would allow OEMs to fully personalize the customer relationship and help ensure a seamless omnichannel journey. However, the challenges are also clear: a DTC approach will require the buildup of necessary capabilities to move from wholesale to retail. On this journey, OEMs can learn a lot about DTC from nonautomotive luxury retailers, which have made substantial progress in blending the physical and digital customer experiences. - Source: Internet
- Luxury cars have traditionally emphasized higher levels of comfort and safety,[14] with manufacturers often introducing new safety technologies and comfort amenities on luxury models before they are available on more affordable models.[15] Some brands, like Audi and BMW have expanded their marketing by “introducing lesser priced and strip-down economy versions of their products."[16] - Source: Internet
- Traditionally, luxury cars have used a front-engine, rear-wheel drive (FR) layout. The FR layout is more expensive to produce and produces lower fuel economy than a front-wheel drive layout, however, it allows for larger engines (particularly straight-six, V8, and V12) to be used.[18][21][22][23] - Source: Internet
- Even though 2016 was a challenging year for luxury car manufacturers in India, the players are optimistic now. Mercedes Benz has expressed a confident view of the mid to long-term potential. Similarly, Volvo too is confident and is aiming for a 10% market share by 2020. Winning strategies in the Indian luxury car market include investment in creating clear brand differentiation and launch of newer more compact and sustainable models. It is expected that till 2020 the German firms Audi, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz will be holding close to 80% of the market share. - Source: Internet
- The primary reason for the growth in the luxury-car segment involves the continued increase of ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWI), people with more than $30 million in investable assets, and high-net-worth individuals (HNWI), people with assets ranging from $1 million to $30 million. With more millionaires (and billionaires) in more places, the nexus of sales growth for luxury automobiles has shifted from North America and Europe to Asia and the Middle East. This new, more regional demand for high-ticket automobiles has attracted new entrants to the market because of strong geolocation and technology shifts, especially in China, resulting in more new-product launches. - Source: Internet
- In the mid-1990s, the SUV market expanded with new entrants. By the mid-1990s, the entry-level Ford Explorer and upscale Jeep Grand Cherokee were the market leaders for SUVs.[126] The fastest-growing sector of this market was for the so-called luxury SUVs, which included the Jeep Grand Cherokee … the Grand Cherokee’s allure: “This vehicle is proof you can have a true off-road vehicle without giving up luxuries and amenities” with the Jeep providing a crucial new intangible factor for buyers—image.[127] - Source: Internet
- Luxury vehicles can be a status symbol for conspicuous consumption.[17] However, since many European luxury car buyers shy away from conspicuous consumption, brands offer buyers the option of removing exterior badges that identify the model name or engine size.[18] - Source: Internet
- The ATO’s Car Cost Limit sets the maximum amount that you can claim on the purchase of any car. If your car purchase cost is more than the relevant limit, then you can only claim up to the limit. The rest of your car purchase cost is not deductible. Note that if you are registered for GST then you must exclude the GST on your car purchase when calculating the limit. - Source: Internet
- In a recent survey of potential Chinese luxury-vehicle buyers, nearly 84 percent of respondents say that the ability to personalize their vehicle is important or very important. That places the ability for buyers to customize their cars ahead of a lengthy list of other features that includes connectivity service, driving performance, high-end interior design, battery range capacity, and autonomous-driving features. What’s more, nearly 60 percent of these consumers say that they want customized service throughout the buying process. - Source: Internet
- There is a limit on depreciation claims for luxury cars. If you acquire a luxury car for business, tax deductible depreciation can be claimed on a maximum cost of $57,466. If you purchase a car for $95,000 you can only claim depreciation at the prescribed rate on $57,466 But you can claim interest on the full amount borrowed for the purchase. If you have borrowed the full $95,000 to purchase the car you can claim a deduction for the full interest paid. - Source: Internet
- Research data from the mid-2000s suggested that luxury SUV buyers did not consider traditional luxury cars (e.g. sedans and coupes), therefore the SUV is becoming the key to bringing new customers into luxury dealerships.[135] - Source: Internet
- However, luxury vehicle sales did not collapse as much as their non-luxury counterparts.[56][57] This was aided by growing interest in luxury vehicles from emerging markets such as China and Russia.[54] - Source: Internet
- Under McKinsey’s accelerated scenario, battery-electric vehicles (BEVs) will be dominant across all luxury-segment tiers by 2031, but the degree of adoption will vary based on the price band. Our research reveals an openness to EVs among affluent customers, who increasingly value sustainability. For instance, globally, more than 70 percent of current owners of premium and luxury internal-combustion-engine (ICE) vehicles are willing to switch to EVs during their next vehicle purchase. - Source: Internet
- Luxury-vehicle brands stand apart. Where the mainstream market has largely stagnated, with little to no growth expected through 2031, the luxury segments should gain share during the same period, with growth rates ranging from 8 to 14 percent annually. What’s more, margins in the luxury segment ranged in the double digits from 2016 to 2021, while the mass market remained in the low single digits during the same period. - Source: Internet
- A compact executive car or a compact luxury car is a premium car larger than a premium compact and smaller than an executive car. In European classification, compact executive cars are part of the D-segment. In North American terms, close equivalents are “compact premium car”, “compact luxury car”,[97] “entry-level luxury car” and “near-luxury car”.[98] Compact executive cars are usually based on the platform of a mid-size car (also known as large family car or D-segment), while some models may be based on a compact car (also known as small family car or C-segment). - Source: Internet
- Many of these luxury saloons are the flagship for the marque and include the newest automotive technology.[107] Several models are available in long-wheelbase versions, which provide additional rear legroom and may have a higher level of standard features.[108] - Source: Internet
- Currently, the $80,000-to-$149,000 price band is driving the growth in the luxury-car segment in China. Traditionally, global luxury-car OEMs have single-handedly led this growth. Recently, however, local champions have developed a strong connection with consumers by offering a seamless customer experience, technological ecosystems, and innovative offerings. As the UHNWI population grows, brands in the above-$150,000 price bands could soon emulate this technology focus, although how soon customers will demand it remains an open question. - Source: Internet
- In 1990, American luxury brands dominated with Cadillac selling over a quarter-million cars and Lincoln had its best year ever at 231,660 units.[45] However, the market was changing with an ever greater acceptance of smaller, more efficient imported luxury brands while at the same time the domestic manufacturers were downsizing their models with product decisions that backfired on quality and brand respect.[45] - Source: Internet
- Conditioned by e-commerce platforms that offer innovations such as one-click purchases, China’s luxury-car buyers want their cars to integrate seamlessly with local digital offerings and ecosystems. Roughly 80 percent of prospective luxury-car buyers in China are willing to trust a new brand, provided the car offers integration with the local ecosystem. However, few car OEMs have the necessary consumer-centered DNA in their operating models to meet this consumer demand. As a result, they risk missing the chance to establish a price premium, thus potentially becoming uncompetitive. - Source: Internet
- Since the late 1990s, Japanese and German brands have sold the most luxury-type cars in the United States. However, the Cadillac Escalade has led the luxury SUV segment sales in the United States since its introduction in 1998, with the highest sales for 15 out of its first 20 years on the market.[46][47] - Source: Internet
- The global luxury car market has seen been relatively untouched by the financial crisis and has been posting growth driven by the emerging markets. The three German players BMW, Audi and Mercedes-Benz account for approximately 80% share of the global luxury car market. BMW is the global leader in the luxury car segment, followed by Mercedes-Benz and Audi. World over while mass automobile manufacturers are struggling with margins, high end manufacturers are enjoying steadily increasing sales. - Source: Internet
- Our analysts feel that the future of the luxury car segment in China is bright. The consumer confidence is high and despite the Government’s austerity drive the sale of luxury and super luxury vehicles has not slowed down. It is projected that the Chinese car market will grow 3%-5% per year until 2020. With households with incomes over USD 34,000 projected to triple to 23 million by 2020, it is expected that the number of prospective buyers for premium cars in China will grow fast. - Source: Internet
- Beyond electrification, which customers in the luxury segment already expect to be available, Chinese luxury-car buyers put the “smartification” of their EVs in almost the same bucket. About 40 to 50 percent of serious EV intenders consider the latest ADAS and connectivity features must-have elements of their EV deals. Currently, up to 20 percent of Chinese car buyers consider new EV makers to be better at EV smartification than incumbents—a gap the traditional industry needs to close. - Source: Internet
- But the big deal in the new realistic luxury auto limits is that there’s far less need to buy the bigger, heavier SUV or crossover vehicle, because of the new higher luxury limits. With a car costing $50,000 or less, you realize 71.2 percent of your total vehicle deductions in the first three years. - Source: Internet
- Traditionally, most luxury cars were large vehicles, though smaller sports-oriented models were always produced. “Compact” luxury vehicles such as hatchbacks, and off-road capable sport utility vehicles, are relatively modern trends.[1] - Source: Internet
- The luxury market is where the action currently is in the automotive world. In addition to traditional comfort, convenience, entertainment, and safety features, luxury cars bristle with advanced connectivity elements, autonomous-driving options, and the latest powertrain electrification technologies. They also have some of the strongest brands in the industry. - Source: Internet
- Luxury automotive companies can learn from brands in other industries, especially regarding a commitment to social responsibility in areas such as sustainability. For example, one luxury fashion brand ended its use of animal furs in 2018 and stopped the practice of burning unsold new clothing as well, stating that modern luxury dictates behavior that is socially and environmentally responsible. Likewise, a global footwear and apparel company analyzed its greenhouse-gas footprint in 1997 and found that the company was emitting more than seven million tons of CO 2 equivalents. The company started a net-zero carbon reduction campaign that enabled it to cut its CO 2 emissions to less than two million tons in 2009. The company has pledged to power all its owned and operated facilities with renewable energy by 2025. - Source: Internet
- There is a maximum limit of GST that you can claim on the purchase of any car, which is calculated in reference to the ATO’s Car Cost Limit. To calculate your limit, take the car cost limit for the year you purchased the car in, and divide by 11. Then apply your logbook percentage to the result, and this is the maximum GST credit you can claim on the purchase of your car. - Source: Internet
- Despite the increased popularity of crossover models, traditional luxury SUVs remain in production. Examples include the Lexus LX, Infiniti QX80, and Lincoln Navigator.[134] - Source: Internet
- “It will also discourage the fitment of accessories as it may push (buyers) over the limit,” wrote Mr Voortman. “The AADA urges the Government to allow businesses to instantly depreciate vehicles under the $150,000 threshold.” - Source: Internet
- Generally, a fringe benefits tax (“FBT”) liability arises where an employer makes a vehicle available for the private use of their employee. Different FBT rules apply for eligible vehicles that are not ‘cars’, examples being utes and vans. A full FBT exemption can apply for eligible vehicles where the use of that vehicle is limited to work-related travel and other private use that is ‘minor, infrequent and irregular’. - Source: Internet
- While most traditional luxury OEMs consider the move to DTC, there is a group of disrupters and luxury players that are pushing even further with a go-to-market approach that relies on a mix between direct sales, online interactions, and few but highly exclusive own-retail assets. This becomes feasible since customers for top luxury brands are often both affluent and digitally savvy and live in or around specific urban areas, which allows OEMs to focus on the number of outlets they require. Basing their retail strategy on serving these customers and augmenting it with appropriate digital and remote customer experience innovations enables these luxury brands to reach their core customers more cost-effectively while creating unique customer experiences. - Source: Internet
- Global political and economic trends can influence the growth of luxury vehicles. The scope, pace, and characteristics of demand hinge on a variety of factors, including the creation of wealth, the promulgation of regulation, the state of the global economy, geopolitics, technological advancements, and OEM and supplier strategies. The world is recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, along with recent supply chain disruptions and high inflation rates. The war in Ukraine has disrupted energy and food supply chains, and associated sanctions on Russia have affected economic stability. Consequently, economic development has become uneven across geographies, and the growth outlook is uncertain. - Source: Internet
- The premium compact class is the category of the smallest luxury cars. It became popular in the mid-2000s, when European manufacturers (such as Audi, Volvo, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz) introduced new entry-level models that were smaller and cheaper than their compact executive models.[94] The premium compact cars are usually based on the platform of a compact car (also known as “small family car” or C-segment), while some models may be based on a subcompact car (also known as supermini or B-segment). - Source: Internet
- Many American luxury cars during the 1970s through the 1990s switched to a front-wheel drive layout with transverse engine, due to the Arab Oil Embargo of 1973 and the 1979 fuel crises which eliminated many FR platforms in favor of the more economical front-wheel drive (FF) layout. From the early 2000s, several of these American luxury cars reverted to FR layouts.[24][25][26][27] - Source: Internet
- The report ‘Assessment of the Global Luxury Car Market 2018’ highlights key dynamics of the luxury car sector world over. The growing opportunity in the sector has been investigated along with key challenges. Key geographies including the United States, Europe, China, India and the Middle East have been studied in detail and the report covers latest industry numbers and forecasts. The business & financial overview along with the recent developments of all major luxury car manufacturers such as BMW, Daimler, Volkswagen, Tesla, Tata Motors, Porsche and General Motors has been included in the report. The report also contains the opinions of industry stakeholders and experts. - Source: Internet
- The personal luxury car emerged into mass popularity and affordability as an America-specific category of popularly-priced cars made from the 1950s by the four domestic manufacturers (GM, Ford, Chrysler, and AMC) that reached peak popularity in the 1970s. The cars were stylized, mass-produced two-door coupés or convertibles, relying on standard components.[43] These distinctively styled cars were targeting the needs of individual customers, not an entire family.[44] The longest running model lines were the 1958-1997 Ford Thunderbird, 1956-1998 Lincoln Mark Series, and the 1967-2002 Cadillac Eldorado. - Source: Internet
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